Parametric Design Concepts

• Rapidly test, iterate, and study multiple design options in less time
  
• Solve complex geometric problems, no programming experience needed
• Automate repetitive tasks for more precision and speed
• Manage risk by exposing tradeoffs and understanding systems and connections at the conceptual phase
• Generate sophisticated designs from simple data, logic, and analysis

How is Computational Design addressing them?

• Helps reduce struggle in early design phase
  
• Eases the ability to design complex geometry
• Improves designer's overall capabilities

• Apply hehaviors & logic to model
  
• Add rules via visual or scripting interface
• Build a system, not just a model
• Extend to other applications model

Wolfram MathWorld

MathWorld is an online mathematics resource, assembled by Eric W. Weisstein with assistance from thousands of contributors. Since its contents first appeared online in 1995, MathWorld has emerged as a nexus of mathematical information in both the mathematics and educational communities. Its entries are extensively referenced in journals and books spanning all educational levels.

수학적인 정의를 통한 Geometry 또는 Formfinding 접근법

홈페이지

http://mathworld.wolfram.com/

3D Printed Steel Pedestrian Bridge Will Soon Span an Amsterdam Canal

BY SARAH ANDERSON GOEHRKE · JUNE 11, 2015

The oldest of Amsterdam’s approximately 1,280 bridges in use dates back to 1648. The city is famous for its beautiful canals and waterways, and Dutch engineers have long made their names in constructing ways around the “Venice of the North.” Tourists are encouraged to visit one particular bridge on the Herengracht canal, from which they can see 15 bridges in one view. In addition to bridges, the Netherlands has been gaining fame across the board for its reputation in the global 3D printing arena.

Joris Laarman in his Amsterdam design studio

Now, the two are being brought together in an amazing feat of engineering prowess asHeijmans, MX3D, and Joris Laarman Lab collaborate on a first-of-its-kind project: a 3D printed steel pedestrian bridge that will span one of Amsterdam’s historic canals.

“We came to the conclusion that a bridge over the old canals of Amsterdam would be a fantastic metaphor for connecting the technology of the future with the city’s historic past, in a way which would reveal the best aspects of both worlds,” said Joris Laarman, who is designing the bridge. “I strongly believe in the future of digital manufacturing and local production – it’s a ‘new form of craftsmanship’. This bridge can show how 3D printing has finally entered the world of large-scale functional objects and sustainable materials, while enabling unrivalled freedom of design.”

The ambitious project centers on startup MX3D’s technology, which uses 6-axis robotic machines to create structures from steel literally in mid-air. Plans for building the bridge involve using two (or more) of these machines to effectively begin construction on either bank of the canal and build toward one another, meeting in the middle.

While plans for the bridge’s location have not yet been made public, MX3D will, along with the city of Amsterdam, soon make this announcement. A visitor center will also be open to the public with extensive information available, starting in September.

“What distinguishes our technology from traditional 3D printing methods is that we work according to the ‘Printing Outside the Box’ principle,” said MX3D CTO Tim Geurtjens. “By printing with 6-axis industrial robots, we are no longer limited to a square box in which everything happens. Printing a functional, life-size bridge is of course the ideal way to showcase the endless possibilities of this technique.”

For its part, Heijmans says, it will “contribute its knowledge of and experience in construction and technology to print the bridge.” Among other supporters in this project are Autodesk, whose technology Laarman has been using in the design process, as well as sponsors including ABB, Air Liquide, Delcam, Lenovo, and Within, and public partners Amsterdam City Council, AMS, and TU Delft.

Have you heard of other large-scale, usable construction projects going up around the world that rely on 3D printing technology? Let us know about them in the 3D Printed Pedestrian Bridge in Amsterdamforum thread over at 3DPB.com. Check out a video detailing the innovative project, as well as more renderings and photos, below.

자료출처

http://3dprint.com/72682/amsterdam-3d-printed-bridge/

The 21st-Century Skill Set for Architects

출처

http://www.architectmagazine.com/practice/the-21st-century-skill-set-for-architects_o

Parametric Design에 관한 용어정리

-ThinkParametric (thinkparametric.com)의 강의 노트-

What is a program?

A program is a sequence of instructions that specifies how to perform a computation.

Inputs: Initial data a program needs to operate.

Output: The return or result once a program is executed

Math: Performance of mathematical operations

Conditional execution: Checks for a certain conditionn to meet and t hen executes a code depending of this

Repetition: Perform some action repeatedly, usually with some variation

What is an algorithm?

A set of rules that precisely defines a sequence of operations to produce an output (It's just a recipe)

Variables

One of the most powerful features of a programming language is the ability to manipulate variables. A variable is a name that refers to a value.

The type of a variable is the type of the value it refers to.

-Integers and Doubles

These are the types of variables that deal with numbers.

Intergers are used to store whole numbers and mostly they are used for counting.

Doubles in the other hand deal with decimal numbers which are used mainly for more precise calculations

-Booleans 

While numeric valuues are good for counting and calculating there are sometimes we need to evaluate conditions, for example:

"The cup has to be filled more than half."

In this statement more than half is a condition therefore we need a type of variable to tell us if this condition is either TRUE or FALSE and those are the boolean variables.

-Strings

Strings are the variables used to store text.

-Operators

Operators are special symbols that represent computations like addition and multiplication. The values the operator is applied to are called operands.

For example the operators +, -, *. / and ** perform addition, subtration, multiplication, division and exponentiation.

Functions

In the context of programming, a function is a named sequence of statements that performs a computation. When you define a fuction, you specify the name and the sequence of statements. Later, you can "call" the fuction by name.

Debugging

Programming erros are called bugs and the process of tracking them down is called debugging.

Syntax errors

Synmax refers to the structure of a program and the rules about that structure. For example, parentheses have to come in matching pairs, so (1+2) is legal, but 8) is a syntax error.

Runtim errors

This errors does not appear until after the program has started running. These errors are also called exceptions because they usually indicate that something exceptional (and bad) has happened.

Semantic errors

If there is a semantic error in your program, your program will run successfully in the sense that the computer will not generate any error messages, but it will not do the right thing. It will do something else.

Computational Geometry & Graphics

In order to fit the needs of producing Geometry aas an output a link between Computation and Geometry was necessary. 

Computational geometry and computer graphics both consider geometric phenomena as they relate to computing. Computation geometry provides a theoretical foundation involving the study of algorithms and data structures for doing geometric computations. Computer graphics concerns the practical development of the software, hardware and algorithms necessary to create graphics (i.e. to display geometry) on the computer screen.

Understanding the basics of Computational Geometries & Graphics is fundamental as they are the base under which parametric design relies.

Principles of Parametricism (Negative)

- No rigid forms (Lack of complexity)

- No repetition (Lack of variety)

- No pure difference (Lack of order)

Principles of Parametricism (Positive)

- Soft forms malleable & intelligent

- Differentiation Arrays of components coherently differentiated

- Correlation Systems and subsystems relate to each other

Parametric design is defined by the way is created

Therefore, parametric design is not a style, it is also not defined for what it does but rather the way it is created which is when a designer explicitly states the relationships and outcomes from a set of parameters.

The outputs you produce are not parametric but the procedures you use to create them are.